| Technical lexicography for information system terminology |
[Jun. 16th, 2009|10:41 am] |
Terminology (1801, from Ger. Terminologie (1786), a hybrid coined by C.G. Schütz of Jena, from M.L. terminus "word, expression" + Gk. -logia "a dealing with, a speaking of.")- Structured set of concepts and their designations in a specific subject field
- Study of terms - words that are: used in specific contexts, concept-based - and study of labeling or designating concepts
The discipline of terminology consists of the following aspects: - analysing the concepts and concept structures used in a field or domain of activity
- identifying the terms assigned to the concepts
- in the case of bilingual or multilingual terminology, establishing correspondences between terms in the various languages
- compiling the terminology, on paper or in databases
- managing terminology databases
- creating new terms, as required
Types of terminology:
- Ad hoc terminology - deals with a single term or a limited number of terms
- Systematic terminology - deals with all the terms in a specific subject field or domain of activity
Fields of terminology, context-based:
- Military terminology
- Political terminology
- Religious terminology
- Scientific terminology
- Technical terminology
- Informational society terminology?
Terminography - compiling collections of vocabulary of specialized language register??
Terminological databasesTerminological database technical description: http://www.tei-c.org/Guidelines/P4/pdf/TE.pdf
Standards of terminology
Difference between lexicography and terminography
| Lexicography
| Terminography
| variety of language
| general purpose language
| special purpose language
| subject matter
| broad areas of knowledge
delimited domain (rare)
| delimited domain
use of classification system | method of working
| word-based
concept-based (rare - thesaurus)
| concept/context-based
| presentation
| alphabetical
thesaurus-style/semantic (rare)
homonyms/polysemes together
synonyms separated
| systematic
alphabetically if reorganized
homonyms/polysemes separated
synonyms together
| orientation
| descriptive
| descriptive and prescriptive
(depending on domain)
| approach
| semasiological (start from a lexeme)
| onomasiological (start from a concept)
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Example of terminological database: Terminological domain - IT technologies - see XML-file
Sources:
google.com
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminology
Pointer project Final Report, 1997 http://www.computing.surrey.ac.uk/AI/pointer/report/section1.html
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| English Global Information Society |
[May. 26th, 2009|10:22 am] |
***UNDER CONSTRUCTION***
Looking back in the history of human society, we can find During the time of development of the English Information Society the English language was effected by languages of various language groups: Arabic, Persian, Hindi, Chinese, African languages (Zulu and Swahili), Slavic languages, Greek, Latin, French, German, etc.
From Greek language English owns a lot in scientific terminology and knowledge: physics, biology, chemistry, medicine, religion and others. Also new terms are still being coined using Greek roots and affixes.
The Arabic influence
The following table represents the effects of other languages on English (on the example of lexis).
| LANGUAGE | DOMAIN | | | Science | Technology | Music | Religion | Culture | Sports | History | Nature | Food | | Arabic | algebra, 1551 | | | | sofa, 1717 | | admiral, 1205 | | | | Chinese | | taikonaut, 1998 | | | feng shui, 1797
kung fu, 1966 | | | | tea, 1655 | | French | | | | | | | | | | | German | blitzkrieg, 1939 | zeitgeist, 1835 | wunderkind, 1873 | kindergarten, 1852 | schnitzel, 1854 | rucksack, 1879 | pretzel, ca. 1838 | leitmotiv, ca. 1876 | | | Greek | geometry, 14th cent. | democracy, 1576 | orchestra, 1606 | | | | | | | | Hindi | cheetah, 1610 | bungalow | karma, 1827 | guru, 1613 | shampoo, 1762 | | | | | | Latin | equilirib | | | | | | | | | | Persian | sugar, 14th cent. | | | | | | | | | | Russian | cosmonaut, | samovar, | pogrom, | mammoth, | Kremlin, | | | | | | Swahili | | | | | | safari, 1868 | | | | | Zulu | | | | | impala, 1875 | mamba, 1862 | | | |
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| Borrowings from other languages in English |
[May. 5th, 2009|12:19 pm] |
The following table presents several English words originating from other languages.
word
| year | etymology | definition | | cosmonaut | 1959 | from Russian kosmonavt, from Greek kosmos - "orderly arrangement", and nautes - "sailor" | spaceman of Soviet or Russian space program | | taikonaut | 1998, 2003 | from Chinese taikong, follows the same pattern as cosmonaut and astronaut | spaceman of Chinese space program | | mammoth | 1706 | from Russian mamont, former mamot, mamut; originates probably from one of the languages of Northern-Russian ethnic groups | a genius of extinct mammals of the elephant family | | babushka | 1938 | from Russian babushka | 1) grandmother, elderly woman
2) triangularly folded kerchief for the head | | knout | 1716 | from Russian knut, of Scandinavian origin; akin to Old Norse knutr (knot) and Old English cnotta
| whip used for flogging | | Kremlin | 1662 | from Russian kreml` - fortress, citadel ;
from obsolete German Kremelien (etymonline)
| 1) citadel of a Russian city, now mostly used for the citadel in Moscow
2) the Soviet or Russian government
| | ruble | 1554 | from Russian rubl` | unit of Russian monetary system | | samovar | 1830 | from Russian samovar: samo (self) + varit' (to boil) | urn used for boiling water for tea | | pogrom | 1882 | from Yiddish pogrom, from Rus. pogromu "devastation, destruction," from po- "by, through" + gromu "thunder, roar," from PIE imitative base *ghrem- | violent attacks on JEwish villages in the late 19th cent |
Sources of etymological description and dates: http://www.etymonline.com http://www.merriam-webster.com
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| Bielefeld |
[May. 5th, 2009|12:00 pm] |
Dear Friends,
Entries with the tag "Bielefeld" will be intended for presenting various tasks during the course of "English in the Information Society" by Prof. Dr. Dafydd Gibbon. They will be viewed by the teacher and students.
All off-topic and indecent comments and commentators will be strictly banned.
Thank you for your cooperation! ;) |
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| The University of Bielefeld |
[Apr. 29th, 2009|01:46 am] |
The University of Bielefeld (Germany) is a wonderful place which I am given a chance to study in.
It is a city with its own citizens. It is a city that gives shelter to those in need of perceiving and transmitting knowledge. The university is a home for almost 20 thousand people, but you never know...
It is the fortress of Science (and Knowledge) in full understanding of these words.
It is a place to find new friends, new ideas, new ways of life and understanding of it too!
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| Торжественно заявляю |
[Jul. 4th, 2008|08:18 pm] |
Мы, два гламурных подонка, безбашенные эгоисты и романтики, философы по натуре и авантюристы по жизни,
Евгений Грищенко и Юлия Макарова
в здравом уме и трезвой памяти
решили связать Наши Сердца узами брака!
От себя:
Не буду больше я искать
Не хочу больше я терять
Сердец не буду больше разбивать
и своего осколки собирать,
Тебя нашёл я, и люблю
Тебя одну-одну! хочу!
В твои глаза сейчас смотрю
И никогда не отпущу!
На корабле мы поплывём
Далёкий горизонт пересечём
И в новый мир с тобой вдвоём
За руку сквозь года пойдём! |
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| праздники начались... |
[Dec. 20th, 2007|02:03 pm] |
Судя по количеству людей он-лайн в аське, некоторые уже начали праздновать НГ
...или хотя бы сегодняшний праздник... С ним вас и поздравляю, бойцы невидимого фронта! |
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